An update on vitamin e tocopherol and tocotrienol-perspectives

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Angelo Azzi Search articles by 'Angelo Azzi'. Azzi A ,. Zingg JM. Affiliations All authors 1. Share this article Share with email Share with twitter Share with linkedin Share with facebook.

Abstract Vitamin E was discovered in , but in more than 60 years many new findings have added to the early one. However, its description in many textbooks has not been proportionally updated. The result is an inaccurate, incomplete, and often incorrect description of the function of this vitamin.

In some other textbooks, vitamin E is absolutely neglected. In almost all books the existence of vitamin E deficiency diseases is ignored. Recent findings on vitamin E molecular functions and its related diseases are described in this article. The European perspective on vitamin E: current knowledge and future research.

Vitamin E: non-antioxidant roles. Ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency is caused by mutations in the alpha-tocopherol transfer protein. Purification and characterization of the alpha-tocopherol transfer protein from rat liver. Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein is important for the normal development of placental labyrinthine trophoblasts in mice. Adult-onset spinocerebellar dysfunction caused by a mutation in the gene for the alpha-tocopherol-transfer protein.

Tocotrienols are less widely available in supplement form than other forms of vitamin E. Additionally, avoid products with labeling that claims to cure or treat a particular disease. Why is it hard to find vitamin E with tocotrienols?

What are some food sources of tocotrienols? Like with most vitamins, your best bet is to get them through food sources. Plant oil sources of tocotrienols include:. There are plenty of foods high in tocopherols that can help you meet your daily requirement of vitamin E.

Always talk to your healthcare provider before taking supplements like vitamin E. They may even recommend not supplementing if you get enough vitamin E through your diet. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. The neuroprotective effects of tocotrienol rich fraction and alpha tocopherol against glutamate injury in astrocytes.

Bosn J Basic Med Sci. Tocotrienols, the vitamin E of the 21st century: Its potential against cancer and other chronic diseases. Biochem Pharmacol. Ultra moisturizing anti-wrinkle lotion enriched with tocotrienols. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. Effects of tocotrienol supplementation on hair growth in human volunteers. Trop Life Sci Res. Podszun M, Frank J. Vitamin E-drug interactions: Molecular basis and clinical relevance. Nutr Res Rev. Vitamin E. Cassoday L. The other vitamin E.

American Oil Chemists Society. A review of characterization of tocotrienols from plant oils and foods. J Chem Biol. Doi: Tocotrienol and its role in chronic diseases.

Anti-Inflammatory Nutraceuticals and Chronic Diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer International Publishing: Colombo ML. An update on vitamin e, tocopherol and tocotrienol—perspectives. The function of tocopherols and tocotrienols in plants. Plant Sci. Hofius D. Vitamin E biosynthesis: Biochemistry meets cell biology. Trends Plant Sci. Porfirova S. Isolation of an Arabidopsis mutant lacking vitamin E and identification of a cyclase essential for all tocopherol biosynthesis.

Lodge J. Vitamin E bioavailability in humans. Plant Physiol. Weiser H. Stereoisomers of alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Biopotencies of all eight stereoisomers, individually or in mixtures, as determined by rat resorption-gestation tests. Drotleff A. Molecular and cellular activities of vitamin E analogues. Mini Rev. Ball G.

Vitamins in Foods. Backasch N. Influences on tocopherol biosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC Colombo M. Extraction of the fat-soluble vitamin E from Hordeum vulgare L. Separation of vitamin E tocopherol, tocotrienol, and tocomonoenol in palm oil. Cunha S. Quantification of tocopherols and tocotrienols in portuguese olive oils using HPLC with three different detection systems. Panfili G. Normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of tocopherols and tocotrienols in cereals.

Ryan E. Phytosterol, squalene, tocopherol content and fatty acid profile of selected seeds, grains, and legumes. Roy S. Simultaneous detection of tocopherols and tocotrienols in biological samples using HPLC-coulometric electrode array. Methods Enzymol. CoulArray electrochemical evaluation of tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers in barley, oat and spelt grains. Morrissey P. In: Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition. Caballero B. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food on a request from the Commission on mixed tocopherols, tocotrienol tocopherol and tocotrienols as sources for vitamin E.

EFSA J. Jenab M. Dietary intakes of retinol, beta-carotene, vitamin D and vitamin E in the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort. Yoshida Y. Comparative study on the action of tocopherols and tocotrienols as antioxidant: Chemical and physical effects.

Sen C. Tocotrienols in health and disease: The other half of the natural vitamin E family. Parker R. Tocotrienols regulate cholesterol production in mammalian cells by post-transcriptional suppression of 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase.

Tocotrienols: The emerging face of natural vitamin E. Siok-Fong C. Hercberg S. Study: A primary prevention trial using nutritional doses of antioxidant vitamins and minerals in cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Kesse-Guyot E. Dietary patterns and their sociodemographic and behavioural correlates in French middle-aged adults from the SU. Hanum Ghulam Rasool A. Arterial compliance and vitamin E blood levels with a self emulsifying preparation of tocotrienol rich vitamin E.

McAnally J. Tocotrienols potentiate lovastatin-mediated growth suppression in vitro and in vivo. Qureshi A. Dose-dependent suppression of serum cholesterol by tocotrienol-rich fraction TRF 25 of rice bran in hypocholesterolemic humans. Synergistic effect of tocotrienol-rich fraction TRF of rice bran and lovastatin on lipid parameters in hypercholesterolemic humans.

Rickmann M. Tocotrienols induce apoptosis and autophagy in rat pancreatic stellate cells through the mitochondrial death pathway. Wada S. Chemoprevention of tocotrienols: The mechanism of antiproliferative effects. Forum Nutr. Nesaretnam K. Multitarget therapy of cancer by tocotrienols.

Cancer Lett. The effect of vitamin E and beta-carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers.